Mainan pendidikan sangat penting dalam pembelajaran . Mereka melayani berbagai fungsi . Mereka meningkatkan tingkat kepentingan peserta didik di sekolah . Mereka berbeda dalam penggunaan . Orang lain dapat dimanipulasi itulah sebabnya mereka menawarkan nilai besar . Pendidikan mainan yang sebagian besar waktu mahal . Namun , mereka memiliki banyak manfaat . Seorang anak belajar melalui bermain . Dia menemukan lebih menarik ketika ia belajar dan pada saat yang sama ,
menikmati . Tapi , kenapa begitu sekolah hanya perlu mainan yang tepat jika mereka hanya bisa melakukan kegiatan yang baik ? Mainan ini tidak biasa . Mereka memiliki nilai yang lebih besar . Mereka mempengaruhi tingkat pembelajaran . Semakin banyak mainan pembelajaran telah dilakukan untuk memenuhi permintaan . Sekolah biasanya membeli persediaan dalam jumlah besar . Mereka lebih memilih beragam mainan . Mereka tidak mendapatkan orang-orang dalam kualitas yang buruk . Sebaliknya , mereka memprioritaskan orang-orang dengan kualitas luar biasa dan aman untuk digunakan . Setelah semua , mereka akan diberikan kepada pelajar muda yang sebagian besar waktu tidak menyadari apa yang mereka gunakan .
Pendidikan mainan bisa menyenangkan bagi semua peserta didik tidak peduli apa kepentingan mereka . Mainan ini dibuat untuk membantu mereka memahami konsep-konsep . Seorang guru yang menjelaskan konsep di depan peserta didik mungkin tidak efektif mengirimkan informasi tanpa manipulatif . Bahan-bahan ini adalah yang terbaik karena mereka memberikan pembelajaran yang luar biasa Anda tidak pernah berpikir mereka bisa . Mainan sering dikelompokkan menjadi 2 kategori.
Yang paling umum adalah untuk menjaga anak-anak sibuk . Mereka tidak mengatakan apa-apa . Mereka hanya meringankan kebosanan dan menghibur . Pendidikan Manipulatif adalah hal besar berikutnya . Mereka tidak hanya membuat pengguna sibuk . Mereka bahkan membuat mereka belajar sambil bermain . Mainan ini tidak hanya sekedar untuk bermain tujuan . Mereka akan meningkatkan kemampuan Anda dan membiarkan Anda menemukan hal-hal yang Anda belum ditemukan sebelumnya . Beberapa mungkin guru dibuat seperti mock - up .
Seiring dengan sukacita pembelajaran , konsep-konsep baru dipelajari . Anak-anak bisa menjelajahi dunia . Mereka merasa sedikit berbeda . Pendidikan mainan menggabungkan hiburan murni dengan pendidikan yang berkualitas . Bahan-bahan ini meningkatkan proses pembelajaran secara keseluruhan sehingga belajar menjadi mudah dan nyata . Pengalaman menjadi lebih realistis ketika anak-anak belajar sambil bermain dengan mainan favorit mereka . Mainan ini meningkatkan kewaspadaan Anda . Para peserta didik dapat menggunakan indra mereka sehingga pembelajaran menjadi lebih cepat dari biasanya .
Ada berbagai macam mainan pendidikan yang membantu anak-anak mencari dan menemukan kepentingan baru . Lainnya dapat dibuat dengan menggunakan bahan daur ulang . Mereka bahkan dapat dilakukan untuk melatih peserta didik . Mainan ini dibuat mudah dengan bantuan instruksi . Ada juga batasan tentang bagaimana Anda harus menggunakannya .
Nilai yang tak terpisahkan dari mainan pendidikan yang luar biasa . Mereka menjaga peserta didik sibuk selama waktu luang mereka . Biarkan peserta didik tumbuh dan berkembang dengan mainan pembelajaran yang dapat diandalkan . Membuat mereka lebih terlibat dalam kegiatan sehari- hari . Gunakan berbagai visual dan Manipulatif sehingga Anda dapat membantu mereka mempercepat . Jika mainan yang dikombinasikan dengan strategi pembelajaran yang paling baik , pendidikan yang berkualitas adalah hasilnya . Auditory , taktil , koordinasi tangan-mata , keterampilan motorik , kesadaran visual , dan aspek-aspek lain yang tersentuh . Mainan belajar semua dalam satu . Mereka meringankan kebosanan sementara membuat anak-anak belajar dengan cara yang khusus .
The Indispensable Value Of Educational Toys
Educational toys are very important in learning. They serve various functions. They enhance the level of interest of learners in school. They vary in usage. Others can be manipulated which is why they offer huge value. Educational toys are most of the time expensive. Yet, they have numerous benefits. A child learns through play. He finds it more exciting when he learns and at the same time, enjoys. But, why is that school simply needs the right toys if they can just make good activities? These toys are not ordinary. They have greater value. They affect the level of learning. More and more learning toys have been made to meet the growing demand. Schools usually buy supplies in bulk. They prefer diverse toys. They don't get those in poor quality. Rather, they prioritize those with outstanding qualities and are safe to use. After all, they will be given them to young learners who are most of the time not aware of what they are using.
Educational toys can be fun for all learners no matter what their interests are. These toys are made to help them understand concepts. A teacher who explains a concept in front of the learners may not effectively transmit the information without the manipulative. These materials are best because they provide exceptional learning you never thought they can. Toys are often classified into 2 categories. The most common are to keep children busy. They don't tell anything. They simply ease boredom and entertain. Educational Manipulatives are the next big thing. They don't just a make a user busy. They even make them learn while at play. These toys are not just simply for playing purposes. They will enhance your capabilities and let you discover things that you haven't encountered before. Some might be teachers made like mock-ups.
Along with the joys of learning, new concepts are learned. Children get to explore the world. They feel a little different. Educational toys combine pure entertainment with quality education. These materials enhance the overall learning process so learning becomes easy and real. The experience becomes more realistic when children learn while playing with their favorite toys. These toys enhance your alertness. The learners can make use of their senses so learning becomes faster than usual.
There are various kinds of educational toys which help children explore and find new interests. Others can be made using recyclable materials. They can even be made to train learners. These toys are made easy with the help of instructions. There are also limits on how you should use them.
The indispensable value of educational toys is beyond compare. They keep learners busy during their free time. Let your learners grow and develop with reliable learning toys. Make them more involved in day-to-day activities. Use a variety of visuals and manipulatives so you can help them accelerate. If toys are combined with the most excellent learning strategies, quality education is the outcome. Auditory, tactile, hand-eye coordination, motor skills, visual awareness, and other aspects are touched. Learning toys are all in one. They ease boredom while making kids learn in a special way.
Pengertian Materi Pendidikan (Pembelajaran)
Salah satu faktor penting yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan pendidikan eluruhan adalah kemampuan dan keberhasilan guru merancang materi pembelajaran. Materi Pembelajaran pada hakekatnya merupakan bagian tidak terpisahkan dari Silabus, yakni perencanaan, prediksi dan proyeksi tentang apa yang akan dilakukan pada saat Kegiatan Pembelajaran.
Secara garis besar dapat dikemukakan bahwa Materi pembelajaran (instructional materials) adalah pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan sikap yang harus dikuasai peserta didik dalam rangka memenuhi standar kompetensi yang ditetapkan. Materi pembelajaran menempati posisi yang sangat penting dari keseluruhan kurikulum, yang harus dipersiapkan agar pelaksanaan pembelajaran dapat mencapai sasaran. Sasaran tersebut harus sesuai dengan Standar Kompetensi dan Kompetensi Dasar yang harus dicapai oleh peserta didik. Artinya, materi yang ditentukan untuk kegiatan pembelajaran hendaknya materi yang benar-benar menunjang tercapainya standar kompetensi dan kompetensi dasar,serta tercapainya indikator.
Materi pembelajaran dipilih seoptimal mungkin untuk membantu peserta didik dalam mencapai standar kompetensi dan kompetensi dasar. Hal-hal yang perlu diperhatikan berkenaan dengan pemilihan materi pembelajaran adalah jenis, cakupan, urutan, dan perlakuan (treatment) terhadap materi pembelajaran tersebut.
Agar guru dapat membuat persiapan yang berdaya guna dan berhasil guna, dituntut memahami berbagai aspek yang berkaitan dengan pengembangan materi pembelajaran, baik berkaitan dengan hakikat, fungsi, prinsip, maupun prosedur pengembangan materi serta mengukur efektivitas persiapan tersebut.
Secara garis besar dapat dikemukakan bahwa Materi pembelajaran (instructional materials) adalah pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan sikap yang harus dikuasai peserta didik dalam rangka memenuhi standar kompetensi yang ditetapkan. Materi pembelajaran menempati posisi yang sangat penting dari keseluruhan kurikulum, yang harus dipersiapkan agar pelaksanaan pembelajaran dapat mencapai sasaran. Sasaran tersebut harus sesuai dengan Standar Kompetensi dan Kompetensi Dasar yang harus dicapai oleh peserta didik. Artinya, materi yang ditentukan untuk kegiatan pembelajaran hendaknya materi yang benar-benar menunjang tercapainya standar kompetensi dan kompetensi dasar,serta tercapainya indikator.
Materi pembelajaran dipilih seoptimal mungkin untuk membantu peserta didik dalam mencapai standar kompetensi dan kompetensi dasar. Hal-hal yang perlu diperhatikan berkenaan dengan pemilihan materi pembelajaran adalah jenis, cakupan, urutan, dan perlakuan (treatment) terhadap materi pembelajaran tersebut.
Agar guru dapat membuat persiapan yang berdaya guna dan berhasil guna, dituntut memahami berbagai aspek yang berkaitan dengan pengembangan materi pembelajaran, baik berkaitan dengan hakikat, fungsi, prinsip, maupun prosedur pengembangan materi serta mengukur efektivitas persiapan tersebut.
Jenis-Jenis Materi Pendidikan (Pembelajaran)
Jenis-jenis materi pembelajaran dapat diklasifikasi sebagai berikut.
1. Fakta; adalah segala hal yang bewujud kenyataan dan kebenaran, meliputi nama nama
objek, peristiwa sejarah, lambang, nama tempat, nama orang, nama bagian atau komponen suatu benda, dan sebagainya. Contoh: dalam mata pelajaran Sejarah: Peristiwa sekitar Proklamasi 17 Agustus 1945 dan pembentukan Pemerintahan Panduan Pengembangan Materi Pembelajaran Indonesia.
2. Konsep; adalah segala yang berwujud pengertian-pengertian baru yang bisa timbul sebagai hasil pemikiran, meliputi definisi, pengertian, ciri khusus, hakikat, inti /isi dan sebagainya. Contoh: penyimpangan sosial adalah suatu pelanggaran terhadap norma-norma kelompok atau masyarakat (Horton & Hunt 1987: 191), dsb.
3. Prinsip; adalah berupa hal-hal utama, pokok, dan memiliki posisi terpenting,meliputi dalil, rumus, adagium, postulat, paradigma, teorema, serta hubungan antarkonsep yang menggambarkan implikasi sebab akibat. Contoh: Perilaku menyimpang timbul karena tidak adanya nilai atau norma yang dapat ditaati secara teguh, diterima secara luas, dan mampu mengikat serta mengendalikan masyarakat (Emile Durkhaim, 1897), dsb.
4. Prosedur; merupakan langkah-langkah sistematis atau berurutan dalam mengerjakan suatu aktivitas dan kronologi suatu sistem. Contoh: praktik penelitian sosial, dsb.
5. Sikap atau Nilai; merupakan hasil belajar aspek sikap, misalnya nilai kejujuran, kasih sayang, tolong-menolong, semangat dan minat belajar, dan bekerja, dsb. Contoh: aplikasi sosiologi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dalam bentuk sikap toleransi dalam menghadapi fenomena sosial yang bervariasi.
1. Fakta; adalah segala hal yang bewujud kenyataan dan kebenaran, meliputi nama nama
objek, peristiwa sejarah, lambang, nama tempat, nama orang, nama bagian atau komponen suatu benda, dan sebagainya. Contoh: dalam mata pelajaran Sejarah: Peristiwa sekitar Proklamasi 17 Agustus 1945 dan pembentukan Pemerintahan Panduan Pengembangan Materi Pembelajaran Indonesia.
2. Konsep; adalah segala yang berwujud pengertian-pengertian baru yang bisa timbul sebagai hasil pemikiran, meliputi definisi, pengertian, ciri khusus, hakikat, inti /isi dan sebagainya. Contoh: penyimpangan sosial adalah suatu pelanggaran terhadap norma-norma kelompok atau masyarakat (Horton & Hunt 1987: 191), dsb.
3. Prinsip; adalah berupa hal-hal utama, pokok, dan memiliki posisi terpenting,meliputi dalil, rumus, adagium, postulat, paradigma, teorema, serta hubungan antarkonsep yang menggambarkan implikasi sebab akibat. Contoh: Perilaku menyimpang timbul karena tidak adanya nilai atau norma yang dapat ditaati secara teguh, diterima secara luas, dan mampu mengikat serta mengendalikan masyarakat (Emile Durkhaim, 1897), dsb.
4. Prosedur; merupakan langkah-langkah sistematis atau berurutan dalam mengerjakan suatu aktivitas dan kronologi suatu sistem. Contoh: praktik penelitian sosial, dsb.
5. Sikap atau Nilai; merupakan hasil belajar aspek sikap, misalnya nilai kejujuran, kasih sayang, tolong-menolong, semangat dan minat belajar, dan bekerja, dsb. Contoh: aplikasi sosiologi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dalam bentuk sikap toleransi dalam menghadapi fenomena sosial yang bervariasi.
what is materi ?
We humans , animals , plants , all forms of life , the Earth , the planets , and stars , are actually made of? And whether the familiar objects really exist for the Universe ? It is a question that seems simple, straight to the core of dark matter search . In this book we have to explore various aspects of the material and its partners , energy , and have been thinking about why some types of material that has not been discovered so scientists suspected that invest a lot of money on a device - by- device search for it . It is a story about the origins of the Universe and how it carries on the type and amount of material that we see today . Here we review the basic idea of the nature of matter , made of what he is , and how it was formed .
DEFINITION OF MATERIALSThe first thing to understand about the matter is that not all material can be seen directly , and not all that you see around you is matter . A common example is the air and light . We could feel the air , and even see their effect on objects like clothes in a clothesline ; but in fact we can not see it - at least not without special equipment . In contrast , the light allows us to see everything around us . Every sunrise , we are bathed in light - and the lives of dying without light . But light is not matter : it is energy .
So , what's it matter ? There are several criteria that must be met before an entity can be described as a material . First , he had to occupy the space . You are made of matter , and you can prove that you are consuming the room each time you climb into a tub full of water . Water level rise is proof that you have the volume . Other evidence that is less obvious is that you reject changes in motion . Perhaps a better example is a car breaking down. Faced with the need to push it out of the way , you experience inertia - resistance to change of motion , although the motion remain. Undeniably, tire friction with the road giving further rejection , but even if you try to push the car on top of the ice field , you will find it much less mobile than you , because he had more inertia than you . In other words , there are more cars than you .
Finally, the matter has mass . Mass is defined as the amount of matter in an object , but this should not be confused with weight . Examples familiar form of the similarity weight on the moon with your weight on Earth may momentarily make you feel more comfortable - but your mass and volume remain the same in both environments .
Therefore, matter is anything that can be weighed , pushed , pulled , can change shape , and so on . It is intuitively obvious , but it needs to be stated directly . Even less clear is the nature of the material . If we study the composition effect, what will we see ? Around the year 500 BC , the Greek philosopher , Democritus , devote earnest thought to this , and in his mind the small particles that can not be divided that make up all matter . He called them atoms - which means ' can not be cut ' . Democritus as smart - smart - but he was right - he was just speculating . He had no evidence to support the idea , and at that time a lot of people who do not agree with him . But today we are not only able to learn the material world to see what is there , but we have no evidence to support our conclusions regarding this strange world . Some evidence was as beautiful as the disclosures in this book , while several others - like a nuclear bomb - was terrible . The point is that we are now closer than ever to understanding the true nature of the material - material that can at least take a look , and perhaps even material that we can not see .
Macroscopic : CELLThink of an example of an easy matter : the pages of this book . Look closer , through the words , letters , and marks the point at the end of this sentence . Pandangilah fibers that make up the pages - the fibers that was once a living tissue in trees . The network is made up of cells , and the cells were made of very complex parts innumerable - membrane , cytoplasm , mitochondria , and so on - who have had a life process that has now ended . The parts were made of some of the largest and terkompleks molecule in the Universe - a familiar example is the molecule of life , DNA , which contains the genetic code that allows us and all living things to reproduce .
MOLECULESThe molecule has a surprising variety of shapes , and most of the materials that affect our lives are composed of types of different molecules . Examples of water , without which life would cease . It is a molecule that consists of two types of smaller particles called atoms . Atoms have different characteristics which are called elements , about a hundred of them have been known . Two elements in water , for example , are oxygen and hydrogen . Elements fused to form all the molecules around us , and react together to form a new substance in a chemical reaction . Common examples of when cooking , for example , or when the oil blend with oxygen in your vehicle . In both cases , there was an exchange of energy , but not matter . In the case of cooking , the input energy is so diverse molecules react and make a fluffy cake . On the other hand , the vehicle's engine , the input energy is initially small ( spark from the spark - plug ) triggers a reaction between oil and oxygen to release energy , which drives the vehicle . In both these examples , the new combination of elements and compounds generated , but the material is not created or destroyed.
ELEMENTSThe whole of the Universe is almost only consists of two elements : hydrogen and helium . All that you think you and I are so interesting in everyday life ( with the exception of dark matter , of course ) made of elements that are very minority . But all of these elements - from the lightest and simplest ( hydrogen ) to the elements with a heavy mass and heavier names like ununnilium - made of atoms . But atoms are not understood by Democritus .
ATOMAtomic otherwise made of four things : protons and neutrons that make up the nucleus , the electrons around the nucleus , and a large amount of space . But how much space is there ? Imagine that the nucleus of an atom is the size of a walnut . At this scale , the electrons will be buzzing in a sphere with a diameter of more than one kilometer . Although the space is very large , 99 % of the material in the nucleus of an atom are very small . So what is keeping the unity of it all ? The answer is energy : electric charge of the electron is negative , while the nucleus ( cause we shall see in a moment) is positive . Positive and negative charge attract and hold electrons in place . But the atom is meeting other atoms , they reject each other for the simple reason that they have electrons in the outer - and two negative electrons repel surely . These properties allow you hold this book . Negative electrons in atoms and molecules of your hand reject the electrons in atoms and molecules books . If this does not happen to repel each other , not only this book will really take through your fingers , but you also will terperosot seat and then penetrate into the Earth . It's not as stupid as it sounds , because there are particles of matter in the Universe that do so . We are now going to wade through the material essence .
ATOMIC STRUCTURE : ELECTRON , PROTON AND NEUTRONIn the nucleus we find two types of particles again : protons and neutrons - which has a mass of heavy components . Protons have a positive charge - the same charge that attract electrons and atoms prevent rupture . Neutrons have no charge at all , but , even so , are held in place in the nucleus by other different styles of electric force : the strong nuclear force .
QUARKMore fundamental than protons and neutrons are particles that compose them : quarks . There are different types of quarks - up , down , strange , charmed , top , and bottom - which join different ways to prepare the material . Proton , for example , is composed of two up quarks and one down quark , while a neutron is composed of two down quarks and one up quark . The names of the quark is not at all related to their attributes , and only a label .
leptonWhat about electrons ? Of what it is composed ? Electrons are part of a family that is much lighter particles called leptons . Other members of the family include the lepton muon and tau particles , and each of the three have associated particle called neutrinos : electron neutrinos , tau neutrinos and muon neutrinos . Neutrinos are strange beasts that can penetrate ordinary matter as if the material does not exist . This presents an interesting challenge for physicists not only intended to detect them but also try to measure their mass . Leptons invisible composed of anything other than the leptons , in other words they do not show signs of having internal structure .
In addition to all this , there are still lots of other particles , and there are more than two hundred who have known or predicted .
ENERGYAsk a physicist what it is energy , and the answer is that energy allows doing a job . It is a concept that is elusive , and , although we can describe its attributes , classifying it in different ways , and predict their behavior and also to do with the matter at the beginning of the Universe , the nature of energy is still a mystery .
Energy is the capacity to do work - to change things . Here are some types that are common , although there are many variations :
Kinetic energy . Movement . Riding a bike , waltz , fly to the moon , then you 're running the kinetic energy .
Potential energy . Stored energy , which manifests itself in various forms such as chemical energy and gravity . Food , petroleum , and water at the top of the cliff that will plunge , everything has potential energy . One of the amazing things we are trying to do in this millennium is to save energy in everything from food warehouses that give us food to fuel the nuclear reactors miniature space vehicles in interplanetary travel .
Thermal energy . Heat - the amount of energy contained in the moving particles that make up matter . The faster the particles move , the more thermal energy they have, and , with a sufficient amount , they can produce large amounts of energy . Although referred to as heat thermal energy , thermal energy an object with large amounts of hot uncertain , while certainly not a hot object contains a lot of thermal energy . Heated swimming pool , for example , contain significantly more thermal energy than incandescent nails , the reason is simple , because more water than nails !
Electrical energy . One of the most familiar forms of energy - for good reason , we use it in large quantities . It is the flow of electrons , which is amazingly easy to transport once the infrastructure is already in place. Once electricity is delivered to our homes , we can transform it into many other forms of energy .
Radiant energy . The most familiar example is light , but there are other forms : gamma rays , infrared ( used for heating and remote - control devices in the household) , microwave ( for communication and cooking ) , X-ray ( treatment ) , radio waves , and ultraviolet . All of this is part of the electromagnetic spectrum .
Each of these forms of energy ( and which are not mentioned here ) are included in one of the four fundamental forces in nature , which is transported from one place to another by massless particles called bosons . These forces and their transporter is :
Electromagnetic force , carried by photons .
Gravity , transported by gravitons .
The strong nuclear force , carried by gluons .
Weak nuclear force , carried by particles W + , W - , and Z0 .
The importance of the relationship between matter and energy is that the relationship can be exchanged : Matter is converted to energy in the stars, for example , and the conversion is what allows us to continue to live . But for the sake of our story , it is important to understand that the Universe contains a number of materials and the amount of energy , and , as we have discovered , a number of dark matter . Just that. Nothing more , nothing less . In the history of the Universe , there have been some odd conversion between matter and energy , and , no doubt , dark matter , but the total remains the same . One of the goals of cosmology is to determine how many of them - matter , energy , and dark matter - which exist in the Universe , because this will help unravel the fundamental attributes of the origins , evolution , and destiny of the Universe in which we live .
DEFINITION OF MATERIALSThe first thing to understand about the matter is that not all material can be seen directly , and not all that you see around you is matter . A common example is the air and light . We could feel the air , and even see their effect on objects like clothes in a clothesline ; but in fact we can not see it - at least not without special equipment . In contrast , the light allows us to see everything around us . Every sunrise , we are bathed in light - and the lives of dying without light . But light is not matter : it is energy .
So , what's it matter ? There are several criteria that must be met before an entity can be described as a material . First , he had to occupy the space . You are made of matter , and you can prove that you are consuming the room each time you climb into a tub full of water . Water level rise is proof that you have the volume . Other evidence that is less obvious is that you reject changes in motion . Perhaps a better example is a car breaking down. Faced with the need to push it out of the way , you experience inertia - resistance to change of motion , although the motion remain. Undeniably, tire friction with the road giving further rejection , but even if you try to push the car on top of the ice field , you will find it much less mobile than you , because he had more inertia than you . In other words , there are more cars than you .
Finally, the matter has mass . Mass is defined as the amount of matter in an object , but this should not be confused with weight . Examples familiar form of the similarity weight on the moon with your weight on Earth may momentarily make you feel more comfortable - but your mass and volume remain the same in both environments .
Therefore, matter is anything that can be weighed , pushed , pulled , can change shape , and so on . It is intuitively obvious , but it needs to be stated directly . Even less clear is the nature of the material . If we study the composition effect, what will we see ? Around the year 500 BC , the Greek philosopher , Democritus , devote earnest thought to this , and in his mind the small particles that can not be divided that make up all matter . He called them atoms - which means ' can not be cut ' . Democritus as smart - smart - but he was right - he was just speculating . He had no evidence to support the idea , and at that time a lot of people who do not agree with him . But today we are not only able to learn the material world to see what is there , but we have no evidence to support our conclusions regarding this strange world . Some evidence was as beautiful as the disclosures in this book , while several others - like a nuclear bomb - was terrible . The point is that we are now closer than ever to understanding the true nature of the material - material that can at least take a look , and perhaps even material that we can not see .
Macroscopic : CELLThink of an example of an easy matter : the pages of this book . Look closer , through the words , letters , and marks the point at the end of this sentence . Pandangilah fibers that make up the pages - the fibers that was once a living tissue in trees . The network is made up of cells , and the cells were made of very complex parts innumerable - membrane , cytoplasm , mitochondria , and so on - who have had a life process that has now ended . The parts were made of some of the largest and terkompleks molecule in the Universe - a familiar example is the molecule of life , DNA , which contains the genetic code that allows us and all living things to reproduce .
MOLECULESThe molecule has a surprising variety of shapes , and most of the materials that affect our lives are composed of types of different molecules . Examples of water , without which life would cease . It is a molecule that consists of two types of smaller particles called atoms . Atoms have different characteristics which are called elements , about a hundred of them have been known . Two elements in water , for example , are oxygen and hydrogen . Elements fused to form all the molecules around us , and react together to form a new substance in a chemical reaction . Common examples of when cooking , for example , or when the oil blend with oxygen in your vehicle . In both cases , there was an exchange of energy , but not matter . In the case of cooking , the input energy is so diverse molecules react and make a fluffy cake . On the other hand , the vehicle's engine , the input energy is initially small ( spark from the spark - plug ) triggers a reaction between oil and oxygen to release energy , which drives the vehicle . In both these examples , the new combination of elements and compounds generated , but the material is not created or destroyed.
ELEMENTSThe whole of the Universe is almost only consists of two elements : hydrogen and helium . All that you think you and I are so interesting in everyday life ( with the exception of dark matter , of course ) made of elements that are very minority . But all of these elements - from the lightest and simplest ( hydrogen ) to the elements with a heavy mass and heavier names like ununnilium - made of atoms . But atoms are not understood by Democritus .
ATOMAtomic otherwise made of four things : protons and neutrons that make up the nucleus , the electrons around the nucleus , and a large amount of space . But how much space is there ? Imagine that the nucleus of an atom is the size of a walnut . At this scale , the electrons will be buzzing in a sphere with a diameter of more than one kilometer . Although the space is very large , 99 % of the material in the nucleus of an atom are very small . So what is keeping the unity of it all ? The answer is energy : electric charge of the electron is negative , while the nucleus ( cause we shall see in a moment) is positive . Positive and negative charge attract and hold electrons in place . But the atom is meeting other atoms , they reject each other for the simple reason that they have electrons in the outer - and two negative electrons repel surely . These properties allow you hold this book . Negative electrons in atoms and molecules of your hand reject the electrons in atoms and molecules books . If this does not happen to repel each other , not only this book will really take through your fingers , but you also will terperosot seat and then penetrate into the Earth . It's not as stupid as it sounds , because there are particles of matter in the Universe that do so . We are now going to wade through the material essence .
ATOMIC STRUCTURE : ELECTRON , PROTON AND NEUTRONIn the nucleus we find two types of particles again : protons and neutrons - which has a mass of heavy components . Protons have a positive charge - the same charge that attract electrons and atoms prevent rupture . Neutrons have no charge at all , but , even so , are held in place in the nucleus by other different styles of electric force : the strong nuclear force .
QUARKMore fundamental than protons and neutrons are particles that compose them : quarks . There are different types of quarks - up , down , strange , charmed , top , and bottom - which join different ways to prepare the material . Proton , for example , is composed of two up quarks and one down quark , while a neutron is composed of two down quarks and one up quark . The names of the quark is not at all related to their attributes , and only a label .
leptonWhat about electrons ? Of what it is composed ? Electrons are part of a family that is much lighter particles called leptons . Other members of the family include the lepton muon and tau particles , and each of the three have associated particle called neutrinos : electron neutrinos , tau neutrinos and muon neutrinos . Neutrinos are strange beasts that can penetrate ordinary matter as if the material does not exist . This presents an interesting challenge for physicists not only intended to detect them but also try to measure their mass . Leptons invisible composed of anything other than the leptons , in other words they do not show signs of having internal structure .
In addition to all this , there are still lots of other particles , and there are more than two hundred who have known or predicted .
ENERGYAsk a physicist what it is energy , and the answer is that energy allows doing a job . It is a concept that is elusive , and , although we can describe its attributes , classifying it in different ways , and predict their behavior and also to do with the matter at the beginning of the Universe , the nature of energy is still a mystery .
Energy is the capacity to do work - to change things . Here are some types that are common , although there are many variations :
Kinetic energy . Movement . Riding a bike , waltz , fly to the moon , then you 're running the kinetic energy .
Potential energy . Stored energy , which manifests itself in various forms such as chemical energy and gravity . Food , petroleum , and water at the top of the cliff that will plunge , everything has potential energy . One of the amazing things we are trying to do in this millennium is to save energy in everything from food warehouses that give us food to fuel the nuclear reactors miniature space vehicles in interplanetary travel .
Thermal energy . Heat - the amount of energy contained in the moving particles that make up matter . The faster the particles move , the more thermal energy they have, and , with a sufficient amount , they can produce large amounts of energy . Although referred to as heat thermal energy , thermal energy an object with large amounts of hot uncertain , while certainly not a hot object contains a lot of thermal energy . Heated swimming pool , for example , contain significantly more thermal energy than incandescent nails , the reason is simple , because more water than nails !
Electrical energy . One of the most familiar forms of energy - for good reason , we use it in large quantities . It is the flow of electrons , which is amazingly easy to transport once the infrastructure is already in place. Once electricity is delivered to our homes , we can transform it into many other forms of energy .
Radiant energy . The most familiar example is light , but there are other forms : gamma rays , infrared ( used for heating and remote - control devices in the household) , microwave ( for communication and cooking ) , X-ray ( treatment ) , radio waves , and ultraviolet . All of this is part of the electromagnetic spectrum .
Each of these forms of energy ( and which are not mentioned here ) are included in one of the four fundamental forces in nature , which is transported from one place to another by massless particles called bosons . These forces and their transporter is :
Electromagnetic force , carried by photons .
Gravity , transported by gravitons .
The strong nuclear force , carried by gluons .
Weak nuclear force , carried by particles W + , W - , and Z0 .
The importance of the relationship between matter and energy is that the relationship can be exchanged : Matter is converted to energy in the stars, for example , and the conversion is what allows us to continue to live . But for the sake of our story , it is important to understand that the Universe contains a number of materials and the amount of energy , and , as we have discovered , a number of dark matter . Just that. Nothing more , nothing less . In the history of the Universe , there have been some odd conversion between matter and energy , and , no doubt , dark matter , but the total remains the same . One of the goals of cosmology is to determine how many of them - matter , energy , and dark matter - which exist in the Universe , because this will help unravel the fundamental attributes of the origins , evolution , and destiny of the Universe in which we live .
Is Materialism the Road to Spirituality?
Higher Selves Quote
For too long, it has been accepted in general metaphysical and religious circles that the concept of spirituality and the movement along the evolutionary path are done at the expense of the material world in which the individual lives. Yet you are spiritually out of touch when you are materially out of touch, and you are materially out of touch when you are spiritually out of touch.
One of the most intense issues for so many people involves their finances or lack thereof. It's probable that each and every person who reads this chapter has strong ideas, beliefs, fears, and/or misunderstandings about the material world. Every human soul on this planet is here to work out this balance. Every human chose to be on Earth for the opportunity to break through our false beliefs, misconceptions, fears, limiting truths, and/or self-doubts in order to find expanded understanding and a path toward manifesting equilibrium in our material world.
Why here? The Planet Earth carries a specific energy-that of the Balanced Manifestation of Material Good. All humans who chose to incarnate on Earth are here to unravel the mysteries of the material in their lives, to break through the mental and emotional barriers that keep them from this material balance. Although this book is not meant to impart the details on how the Universe is set up to help souls evolve, the Higher Selves have given us a huge body of information related to just this topic. Despite the chaos and incredible difficulties so many of us have here, there is actually great order in the Universe, even if we cannot see it. In fact, there is tremendous help provided for all souls throughout the Human Kingdom. The example provided here (which is only a small part of the help we receive) relates to planets.
In the Universe, there are an infinite number of solar systems comparable to our solar system. The planets in all solar systems inhabited by evolving life forms carry specific energies that are utilized by the souls on those planets. (The role of the planet is fully explained in my next book on the Universe.) Our planet carries the energy of Proper Material Balance. Just being on this planet means that at the soul level we are committed to learning, understanding, manifesting, and using material good in the Highest Ideal.
That may sound like something out of science fiction, but doesn't it make sense? Material and financial issues abound throughout the human population, no matter what country or area of the world. These issues are the cause of so much of the planet's struggle, from wars to business and from health to relationships. Clearly, most of us have a long way to go to reach successful self-understanding and balance in this area.
Common Viewpoints/Misconceptions
Although I am generalizing, many of us would view being materialistic as a negative thing. We almost automatically put the rich into the category of being greedy, snobbish, or out-of-our-league. When we actually meet someone who is rich and a wonderful person, don't we say something like, "He's rich, but not like what you would think he'd be. He is nice and so down-to-earth." We have to show that this person is, in some way, an exception to the rule. Don't we also assume that everyone rich is happy, and that if only we could be rich, we'd be happy too?
On the other side of the coin, we unconsciously put someone who has devoted their lives to the spiritual realm, such as a Tibetan monk or Mother Teresa, onto the highest pedestal. We may feel that we are too selfish and would never measure up to their high standard of spirituality. If we still have extra money in the bank or a little extra time on the weekends, but are not serving at a soup kitchen or donating every extra dime, we assume we're falling short in comparison.
These beliefs and judgments are holding us prisoner. In fact, a material focus is not synonymous with greed, and a spiritual focus is not synonymous with self-sacrifice. The judgment that materialism is a negative thing (because we connect it to greed and callousness) can hold us back from finding our true material good. If we somehow get a chance to fly first class, eat at an expensive restaurant or buy a Gucci handbag, we may apologize and assure people we haven't been sucked into thinking we're privileged. And we portray it as just a one-time thing because somehow it makes us feel less guilty about having some luxury in our lives? Or maybe we feel superior because we have a luxury our friends don't. Either way, there are distortions and limitations around the balance of the material and the spiritual.
Many people are struggling to earn a living and are also trying to do at least some small things to benefit others, though we most likely don't feel successful in either area.
Materialism
So what does it mean to be materialistic? Does it mean that we are greedy and focused on hoarding and accumulating money? Does it mean we have to step on others to be successful? Those are a couple of the connotations and judgments we project on to the word materialism. Yet we have another way to look at this. The highest level of the meaning of materialism is simply to take something from the abstract and to make it concrete-to materialize something into our physical reality. Finding the significance and balance of material good, learning how to materialize properly in life, is what all of us are here on the planet to learn.
Materializing into the concrete is not only about money; it is also about the manifestation of anything into a material form. The material balance also includes the development and understanding of how to properly use whatever we have materialized. We all have materialized a physical body. Do we have a healthy body? How are we treating ourselves? We all have gifts and talents. How are we doing on manifesting and using them? Money is only one part of our material good; yet for most of us, it is the area that feels most important relative to everything else. So this is the area I am addressing in this chapter. I bring these other elements to you so you can think about them and be aware of them. The energy on planet Earth helps all areas of balanced materializing and proper use of the physical form.
The basic idea is that a balanced material world is essential to your physical reality. By standing in the center between belief and disbelief of the biases we may have against materialism, we will better understand that materialism is an essential part of the human equation and is as important as the spiritual. No matter how spiritual you may be, with few exceptions you still have to pay the rent, put food in your mouth, and operate in the society at large. Clearly, it isn't feasible for the entire human population to move into ashrams, monasteries or communes in order to be spiritual. So that means we each need to find the balance within the lives we are living now.
The Unexpected Irony
This brings me to the very unexpected irony of life. The very thing that you would not expect to help you become more spiritual is the very thing that will help: being more material. This is ironic only because of our misunderstandings and negative biases toward abundance in the material world.
If your focus enables you to bring in material abundance, then you have space and resources to focus on an abundant spiritual life. To be healthy at the spiritual level is to be able to continue your focus of attention on your spiritual goals. To do so, you must have the material balance taken care of. If you are hungry, you cannot focus your attention on the spiritual. You must focus your attention on your growling belly. The balance, therefore, will be off-kilter. If there is lack in your life-any lack of manifestation in your life's circumstances that makes you unhappy-it causes you to focus on that lack, that discomfort or that dissatisfaction. And that is not spiritual. Therefore, focusing on the material balance in your life, bringing it into a state of abundance and harmony will allow you to more consistently and productively focus on the spiritual side of life.
Pitfalls
What stands in the way of our material good?
- Beliefs and Judgments: Because money, finances and materialism are such highly charged and misunderstood topics, it is important to look at our beliefs surrounding them. Many are likely to be deeply buried in our subconscious. This is why financial good can be an area we consistently work on but end up frustrated by, due to minimal results. When this happens it is a sure bet that we are still in possession of very real and potentially negative beliefs relating to money. In fact, you need to look no further than your own present life. On the surface, almost everyone wants to have financial security, but underneath, unconscious beliefs can sabotage our efforts. Have you ever apologized for riding in a limo or getting orchestra seats to an event? Is it out of a sense of guilt that we had a luxury someone else didn't have? Is it because we pride ourselves on being a "man of the people," and this ticket didn't fit our image of ourselves? Or is it that we believe we don't deserve any better in our lives?
Let me give you an example of one hidden (unconscious) belief. I have a friend, a parent with several children, who was living in debt years ago, wondering from where the next meal for her family would come. Then one summer, long ago, we were both doing the neutralizing and empowering work to improve our finances. After doing the exercises with her a few times, I realized that even though my friend said consciously and often that she wanted more money, and even though she worked hard to neutralize all her poverty thought forms, once in a while I would hear an aside from her, almost a throwaway line, that had an extremely negative bias toward the wealthy. It seemed completely out of place next to her great desire to bring in money, so at first we almost missed it. When we finally became aware of it, we did some digging.
It turned out that my friend hadn't been happy growing up in her wealthy family and from early childhood had equated her father's hard, unfeeling attitude with his obsession with money. This childhood misunderstanding had given birth to the belief (or at least reinforced what she had brought in from other lifetimes) that she would become like her father-narrow-minded and heartless-if she ever had money. She hadn't understood that her father most likely would have been heartless even if poor. Therefore, this powerful belief held her prisoner in a state of poverty and had to be addressed. Fortunately, once she did so, her life turned around, and she found a well-paying job that paid off her debt and gave her the financial security she was looking for and still does to this day.
All judgments, conscious or unconscious, are part of our Thought Form Body, working to weave situations that keep us poor, jobless and/or living paycheck to paycheck.
- Stealing: There is a second pitfall that may be less obvious, one that has to do with stealing. Of course we understand that stealing is a crime and is not an ethical thing to do. I'm sure almost everyone doesn't think this is something that applies to him or herself. And I certainly don't think of all of humanity as thieves-not at all; but let me assure you that this issue is important.
How many of us rationalize exaggerating on an insurance claim to get more money back? Maybe we have fudged on our taxes to get a larger refund? How about not mentioning to a cashier when he/she makes a mistake and forgets to charge us for one of our items? Perhaps, occasionally we have thought to ourselves, "I'll just take the towels/ashtrays from the hotel room. They won't be missed, but I could use them." I would guess that most of us have rationalized like this at least once in awhile. We might feel that it isn't really 'taking' because in our minds it's okay-these are large establishments that make lots of money, right?
Thinking this way doesn't mean we will be damned or that we are unforgivable. Instead, this type of rationalization has a powerful consequence, of which we may be unaware. I'm not mentioning this to be rigid, self-righteous or judgmental. My reason for bringing this up is because this misunderstood scenario is a significant way we keep ourselves from bringing in the material abundance we deserve, and because, for the most part, this concept is not well understood. When we take in this manner, without giving something in return (money, services, goods), we reinforce and grow within, the subtle but very real belief that we cannot afford it. This belief is a major factor in holding us in a state of lack, and we clearly don't want anything to hold us back from our material good.
How to Bring in the Balance?
The bottom line is that if our spiritual goals are set to such a degree that everything else falls by the wayside, it's just as detrimental to us as for people who only set up materialistic goals and ignore their spiritual side. Everyone has a right to a meaningful and balanced life. The lack of material abundance also means that there is a lack of spiritual abundance and vice versa. Just as the word material is not synonymous with greed, the word spiritual should not be synonymous with self-sacrifice. Equilibrium is the goal for all humanity and is especially the focus of attention for souls on this planet (and all planets within the Human Kingdom Universe that carry this same energy).
Think about what beliefs and judgements you may have lurking around in your thoughts by standing in the center of neutrality. Are you one who believes you cannot be spiritual if you have any material abundance? Are you one who believes self-sacrifice is the only way to find spiritual fulfillment? Do you immediately feel that great wealth is out of the realm of possibility for you? Or that if someone has great wealth there is no hope for great spirituality since money corrupts? Do you feel that money might make you a target in some way? Please ask yourself where your beliefs lie. They are only blinders that limit you, that keep the world of abundance from your doors and keep you in a state of 'the have not.' Thankfully, the Earth carries powerful energy that we can use to our great advantage once we understand how.
The Pure Soul Essence of Earth
The planetary energy that Earth carries is held within Earth's Pure Soul Essence. Yes, Earth is as much a part of the Originating Source as is Humanity or any other level of beingness. Perhaps, it is a bit bizarre to think in those terms and may upset some (who cannot fathom a rock as having a soul), though that is not my intention.
At one level, the planetary systems may be viewed as being at the opposite ends of the pole from Originating Source. Originating Source de-intensified its energy, resulting in the manifestation of itself as the solar systems, the densest materialization of Originating Source's physical form. As do all parts of Originating Source, these solar systems carry the perfection of their parent-the Pure Soul Essence. Though Originating Source runs at such a high rate of speed that it virtually seems to be standing still, the planetary systems (the Mineral Kingdoms) run at such a low rate of speed that they, also, seem to be virtually standing still. They are polar opposites but are truly the same, only in different form.
Therefore, the Pure Soul Essence of Earth carries the perfection and neutrality of the Originating Source, with Divine Material Balance being its specific empowered energy. Thus, we will greatly assist ourselves by bringing Divine Material Balance into our own lives by learning to utilize this powerful energy. Keeping in mind that we all are in a state of great material imbalance-the negative being so much more pervasive than the positive-the Divine Material Balance that the Earth provides will speed up the manifestation of the proper material good in our lives. Let's take a look at how we can use it.
Summary
To begin, I ask that each of you commit to your materialistic health and accept it. Money is only energy-a vital energy. Every individual is the rightful owner of as much materialistic good as he/she is willing to accept and commit to. Its proper use (the other essential element to Divine Material Balance) will enable us to be spiritual as well. A commonly held belief on this planet is that to be spiritual, one has to be unselfish to the point where giving involves a tremendous amount of self-sacrifice. However, if one is off balance after having offered others so much of his/her own material good, the proper use of Divine Material Balance is still misunderstood.
From an everyday perspective, some of us may feel guilty, afraid, undeserving or unable to accept comfort into our lives. Yet it is our right, our privilege and even our responsibility to enjoy material balance. It allows us to bring in spiritual balance.
There is no predetermined level of material wealth, since each person will find his/her own pathway. Some might be exponentially wealthy, with the ability to set up foundations and donate money and resources to good causes. Others might simply have enough to live a modest life but find smaller ways to give back, such as working as a Big Brother, helping with animal rescues, befriending a soldier overseas, or donating blood on a regular basis. There is also no one right way to be spiritual. Some people may feel moved to go to Calcutta (or elsewhere) to help serve the poor, while some will stay home to help in their own neighborhood. Some may be able to help the masses, and others will help one or a few. All ways are valid and all ways are significant. Each individual will manifest the balance differently. It is important not to compare yourself to anyone else. The balance is there for everyone to attain in his/her own unique way.
For too long, it has been accepted in general metaphysical and religious circles that the concept of spirituality and the movement along the evolutionary path are done at the expense of the material world in which the individual lives. Yet you are spiritually out of touch when you are materially out of touch, and you are materially out of touch when you are spiritually out of touch.
One of the most intense issues for so many people involves their finances or lack thereof. It's probable that each and every person who reads this chapter has strong ideas, beliefs, fears, and/or misunderstandings about the material world. Every human soul on this planet is here to work out this balance. Every human chose to be on Earth for the opportunity to break through our false beliefs, misconceptions, fears, limiting truths, and/or self-doubts in order to find expanded understanding and a path toward manifesting equilibrium in our material world.
Why here? The Planet Earth carries a specific energy-that of the Balanced Manifestation of Material Good. All humans who chose to incarnate on Earth are here to unravel the mysteries of the material in their lives, to break through the mental and emotional barriers that keep them from this material balance. Although this book is not meant to impart the details on how the Universe is set up to help souls evolve, the Higher Selves have given us a huge body of information related to just this topic. Despite the chaos and incredible difficulties so many of us have here, there is actually great order in the Universe, even if we cannot see it. In fact, there is tremendous help provided for all souls throughout the Human Kingdom. The example provided here (which is only a small part of the help we receive) relates to planets.
In the Universe, there are an infinite number of solar systems comparable to our solar system. The planets in all solar systems inhabited by evolving life forms carry specific energies that are utilized by the souls on those planets. (The role of the planet is fully explained in my next book on the Universe.) Our planet carries the energy of Proper Material Balance. Just being on this planet means that at the soul level we are committed to learning, understanding, manifesting, and using material good in the Highest Ideal.
That may sound like something out of science fiction, but doesn't it make sense? Material and financial issues abound throughout the human population, no matter what country or area of the world. These issues are the cause of so much of the planet's struggle, from wars to business and from health to relationships. Clearly, most of us have a long way to go to reach successful self-understanding and balance in this area.
Common Viewpoints/Misconceptions
Although I am generalizing, many of us would view being materialistic as a negative thing. We almost automatically put the rich into the category of being greedy, snobbish, or out-of-our-league. When we actually meet someone who is rich and a wonderful person, don't we say something like, "He's rich, but not like what you would think he'd be. He is nice and so down-to-earth." We have to show that this person is, in some way, an exception to the rule. Don't we also assume that everyone rich is happy, and that if only we could be rich, we'd be happy too?
On the other side of the coin, we unconsciously put someone who has devoted their lives to the spiritual realm, such as a Tibetan monk or Mother Teresa, onto the highest pedestal. We may feel that we are too selfish and would never measure up to their high standard of spirituality. If we still have extra money in the bank or a little extra time on the weekends, but are not serving at a soup kitchen or donating every extra dime, we assume we're falling short in comparison.
These beliefs and judgments are holding us prisoner. In fact, a material focus is not synonymous with greed, and a spiritual focus is not synonymous with self-sacrifice. The judgment that materialism is a negative thing (because we connect it to greed and callousness) can hold us back from finding our true material good. If we somehow get a chance to fly first class, eat at an expensive restaurant or buy a Gucci handbag, we may apologize and assure people we haven't been sucked into thinking we're privileged. And we portray it as just a one-time thing because somehow it makes us feel less guilty about having some luxury in our lives? Or maybe we feel superior because we have a luxury our friends don't. Either way, there are distortions and limitations around the balance of the material and the spiritual.
Many people are struggling to earn a living and are also trying to do at least some small things to benefit others, though we most likely don't feel successful in either area.
Materialism
So what does it mean to be materialistic? Does it mean that we are greedy and focused on hoarding and accumulating money? Does it mean we have to step on others to be successful? Those are a couple of the connotations and judgments we project on to the word materialism. Yet we have another way to look at this. The highest level of the meaning of materialism is simply to take something from the abstract and to make it concrete-to materialize something into our physical reality. Finding the significance and balance of material good, learning how to materialize properly in life, is what all of us are here on the planet to learn.
Materializing into the concrete is not only about money; it is also about the manifestation of anything into a material form. The material balance also includes the development and understanding of how to properly use whatever we have materialized. We all have materialized a physical body. Do we have a healthy body? How are we treating ourselves? We all have gifts and talents. How are we doing on manifesting and using them? Money is only one part of our material good; yet for most of us, it is the area that feels most important relative to everything else. So this is the area I am addressing in this chapter. I bring these other elements to you so you can think about them and be aware of them. The energy on planet Earth helps all areas of balanced materializing and proper use of the physical form.
The basic idea is that a balanced material world is essential to your physical reality. By standing in the center between belief and disbelief of the biases we may have against materialism, we will better understand that materialism is an essential part of the human equation and is as important as the spiritual. No matter how spiritual you may be, with few exceptions you still have to pay the rent, put food in your mouth, and operate in the society at large. Clearly, it isn't feasible for the entire human population to move into ashrams, monasteries or communes in order to be spiritual. So that means we each need to find the balance within the lives we are living now.
The Unexpected Irony
This brings me to the very unexpected irony of life. The very thing that you would not expect to help you become more spiritual is the very thing that will help: being more material. This is ironic only because of our misunderstandings and negative biases toward abundance in the material world.
If your focus enables you to bring in material abundance, then you have space and resources to focus on an abundant spiritual life. To be healthy at the spiritual level is to be able to continue your focus of attention on your spiritual goals. To do so, you must have the material balance taken care of. If you are hungry, you cannot focus your attention on the spiritual. You must focus your attention on your growling belly. The balance, therefore, will be off-kilter. If there is lack in your life-any lack of manifestation in your life's circumstances that makes you unhappy-it causes you to focus on that lack, that discomfort or that dissatisfaction. And that is not spiritual. Therefore, focusing on the material balance in your life, bringing it into a state of abundance and harmony will allow you to more consistently and productively focus on the spiritual side of life.
Pitfalls
What stands in the way of our material good?
- Beliefs and Judgments: Because money, finances and materialism are such highly charged and misunderstood topics, it is important to look at our beliefs surrounding them. Many are likely to be deeply buried in our subconscious. This is why financial good can be an area we consistently work on but end up frustrated by, due to minimal results. When this happens it is a sure bet that we are still in possession of very real and potentially negative beliefs relating to money. In fact, you need to look no further than your own present life. On the surface, almost everyone wants to have financial security, but underneath, unconscious beliefs can sabotage our efforts. Have you ever apologized for riding in a limo or getting orchestra seats to an event? Is it out of a sense of guilt that we had a luxury someone else didn't have? Is it because we pride ourselves on being a "man of the people," and this ticket didn't fit our image of ourselves? Or is it that we believe we don't deserve any better in our lives?
Let me give you an example of one hidden (unconscious) belief. I have a friend, a parent with several children, who was living in debt years ago, wondering from where the next meal for her family would come. Then one summer, long ago, we were both doing the neutralizing and empowering work to improve our finances. After doing the exercises with her a few times, I realized that even though my friend said consciously and often that she wanted more money, and even though she worked hard to neutralize all her poverty thought forms, once in a while I would hear an aside from her, almost a throwaway line, that had an extremely negative bias toward the wealthy. It seemed completely out of place next to her great desire to bring in money, so at first we almost missed it. When we finally became aware of it, we did some digging.
It turned out that my friend hadn't been happy growing up in her wealthy family and from early childhood had equated her father's hard, unfeeling attitude with his obsession with money. This childhood misunderstanding had given birth to the belief (or at least reinforced what she had brought in from other lifetimes) that she would become like her father-narrow-minded and heartless-if she ever had money. She hadn't understood that her father most likely would have been heartless even if poor. Therefore, this powerful belief held her prisoner in a state of poverty and had to be addressed. Fortunately, once she did so, her life turned around, and she found a well-paying job that paid off her debt and gave her the financial security she was looking for and still does to this day.
All judgments, conscious or unconscious, are part of our Thought Form Body, working to weave situations that keep us poor, jobless and/or living paycheck to paycheck.
- Stealing: There is a second pitfall that may be less obvious, one that has to do with stealing. Of course we understand that stealing is a crime and is not an ethical thing to do. I'm sure almost everyone doesn't think this is something that applies to him or herself. And I certainly don't think of all of humanity as thieves-not at all; but let me assure you that this issue is important.
How many of us rationalize exaggerating on an insurance claim to get more money back? Maybe we have fudged on our taxes to get a larger refund? How about not mentioning to a cashier when he/she makes a mistake and forgets to charge us for one of our items? Perhaps, occasionally we have thought to ourselves, "I'll just take the towels/ashtrays from the hotel room. They won't be missed, but I could use them." I would guess that most of us have rationalized like this at least once in awhile. We might feel that it isn't really 'taking' because in our minds it's okay-these are large establishments that make lots of money, right?
Thinking this way doesn't mean we will be damned or that we are unforgivable. Instead, this type of rationalization has a powerful consequence, of which we may be unaware. I'm not mentioning this to be rigid, self-righteous or judgmental. My reason for bringing this up is because this misunderstood scenario is a significant way we keep ourselves from bringing in the material abundance we deserve, and because, for the most part, this concept is not well understood. When we take in this manner, without giving something in return (money, services, goods), we reinforce and grow within, the subtle but very real belief that we cannot afford it. This belief is a major factor in holding us in a state of lack, and we clearly don't want anything to hold us back from our material good.
How to Bring in the Balance?
The bottom line is that if our spiritual goals are set to such a degree that everything else falls by the wayside, it's just as detrimental to us as for people who only set up materialistic goals and ignore their spiritual side. Everyone has a right to a meaningful and balanced life. The lack of material abundance also means that there is a lack of spiritual abundance and vice versa. Just as the word material is not synonymous with greed, the word spiritual should not be synonymous with self-sacrifice. Equilibrium is the goal for all humanity and is especially the focus of attention for souls on this planet (and all planets within the Human Kingdom Universe that carry this same energy).
Think about what beliefs and judgements you may have lurking around in your thoughts by standing in the center of neutrality. Are you one who believes you cannot be spiritual if you have any material abundance? Are you one who believes self-sacrifice is the only way to find spiritual fulfillment? Do you immediately feel that great wealth is out of the realm of possibility for you? Or that if someone has great wealth there is no hope for great spirituality since money corrupts? Do you feel that money might make you a target in some way? Please ask yourself where your beliefs lie. They are only blinders that limit you, that keep the world of abundance from your doors and keep you in a state of 'the have not.' Thankfully, the Earth carries powerful energy that we can use to our great advantage once we understand how.
The Pure Soul Essence of Earth
The planetary energy that Earth carries is held within Earth's Pure Soul Essence. Yes, Earth is as much a part of the Originating Source as is Humanity or any other level of beingness. Perhaps, it is a bit bizarre to think in those terms and may upset some (who cannot fathom a rock as having a soul), though that is not my intention.
At one level, the planetary systems may be viewed as being at the opposite ends of the pole from Originating Source. Originating Source de-intensified its energy, resulting in the manifestation of itself as the solar systems, the densest materialization of Originating Source's physical form. As do all parts of Originating Source, these solar systems carry the perfection of their parent-the Pure Soul Essence. Though Originating Source runs at such a high rate of speed that it virtually seems to be standing still, the planetary systems (the Mineral Kingdoms) run at such a low rate of speed that they, also, seem to be virtually standing still. They are polar opposites but are truly the same, only in different form.
Therefore, the Pure Soul Essence of Earth carries the perfection and neutrality of the Originating Source, with Divine Material Balance being its specific empowered energy. Thus, we will greatly assist ourselves by bringing Divine Material Balance into our own lives by learning to utilize this powerful energy. Keeping in mind that we all are in a state of great material imbalance-the negative being so much more pervasive than the positive-the Divine Material Balance that the Earth provides will speed up the manifestation of the proper material good in our lives. Let's take a look at how we can use it.
Summary
To begin, I ask that each of you commit to your materialistic health and accept it. Money is only energy-a vital energy. Every individual is the rightful owner of as much materialistic good as he/she is willing to accept and commit to. Its proper use (the other essential element to Divine Material Balance) will enable us to be spiritual as well. A commonly held belief on this planet is that to be spiritual, one has to be unselfish to the point where giving involves a tremendous amount of self-sacrifice. However, if one is off balance after having offered others so much of his/her own material good, the proper use of Divine Material Balance is still misunderstood.
From an everyday perspective, some of us may feel guilty, afraid, undeserving or unable to accept comfort into our lives. Yet it is our right, our privilege and even our responsibility to enjoy material balance. It allows us to bring in spiritual balance.
There is no predetermined level of material wealth, since each person will find his/her own pathway. Some might be exponentially wealthy, with the ability to set up foundations and donate money and resources to good causes. Others might simply have enough to live a modest life but find smaller ways to give back, such as working as a Big Brother, helping with animal rescues, befriending a soldier overseas, or donating blood on a regular basis. There is also no one right way to be spiritual. Some people may feel moved to go to Calcutta (or elsewhere) to help serve the poor, while some will stay home to help in their own neighborhood. Some may be able to help the masses, and others will help one or a few. All ways are valid and all ways are significant. Each individual will manifest the balance differently. It is important not to compare yourself to anyone else. The balance is there for everyone to attain in his/her own unique way.
Materials Chemistry and Physics
Materials science is one of the most quickly emerging sciences, that were formed in relatively recent times. Although materials have since always been a very important part in our lives, they become subject of more extensive scientific research in the 19th and 20th century. Throughout history humans have used materials that they found in the nature, for example stone and wood. With time, we learned to make and use metals, like copper and iron, and many alloys derived from these metals, like bronze. Some materials, like gold, were and are still used extensive in jewelry because of its unique coloration among metals, and the inability to corrode, which makes it stable for long periods of time. It is also important to mention steel as one of also relatively recent materials, that, we could say without exaggeration, started a whole new industrial revolution on its ow, because of many applications that were found for this material with time.
Today, we are using many new types of metals, like aluminium and titanium, and alloys that contain the mentioned metals, which are mostly very strong, and at the same time, have a relatively low density, so they are mostly very light. As a example of a typical metallic alloy, we will mention a material known as steel, which is a basically a material that, in most cases, contains up to 5% of carbon that, in the combination with iron, forms a very hard iron carbide. In the process of hardening, the metastable structure is created, which is the main reason of the hardness of steel. Steel is a metal that is produced in very large quantities and it is getting more and more difficult to produce enough of this material, and because of that, in its production, the steel industry leans towards easier and cheaper process. After leaving the furnace, steel almost always goes to the refining process in which impurities that might have a negative effect on its properties, are released. In doing so, some other metals can be added instead (if we have a case of further alloyed steels). Although there are some problems related to steel, it is still one of the most important and most commonly used materials that humans use as to this date.
Also, today, we have a great amount of organic materials like polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and many others. All these materials are products of extensive research done in the domain of materials science, but also the science of chemistry that is a very important part of materials science. As an example of a organic material, we could mention a plastic material known as celluloid which is considered to be the first man-made thermoplastic material. It can be easily shaped and molded, and in the start, it was most well known for being a replacement for ivory. The early types of celluloid were highly flammable and easily decomposed, which often presented a risk, but with time, new formulas have been created in which some additional compounds are added to reduce flammability of this plastic. However, with time it was replaced with many other types of plastics that have better properties. Regardless of this fact, it remains one of the most important materials in the history of material technology. It is also interesting to mention that today celluloid is most well known to be the most common material used in production of guitar picks and table tennis balls.
There are also a lot of composite materials that have very interesting properties. Basically, these materials are produced by combining several different materials. A common example for such a material is armed concrete, which is composed of two materials: concrete and iron or steel bars inside of it. Glass could also be mentioned as a composite material, because often, it consists of many different components that often surpass the essential compounds that form basic glass as a material. Glass is a material in which sodium and calcium silicate prevail. Glass is very viscous liquid with a non crytalline structure, and it has no defined melting point. It is a poor conductor of heat. As the surface of the glass is always cooled faster than the interior, tension within the glass matter is created. With the help of rapid cooling of glass, one can achieve an extremely hard surface of the glass object. This kind of glass is resistant to shock, but with some limits however. Although it is very hard, when it breaks, it gets shattered into thousands of small pieces. This feature is used in auto industry, where a glue layer is added to this kind of glass. Because of that, in the moment of glass breaking, the glass breaks into small pieces, but they are held together with the help of the mentioned glue layer.
And finally, we will mention one more interesting invention that has been created by combining various discoveries from the domain of materials science, chemistry and physics - self darkening materials. These materials basically work by reacting to ultraviolet rays that come from the Sun. This principle was invented during the middle of the last century. The most well known property of the early versions of this type of glass was the relatively slow darkening or lightening period, and often, the level of darkness of the lenses would remain at some constant level after a certain time period. This however, wasn't desirable, so with time, better lenses were developed. Basically, the principle remained the same, but the materials used for the substrate of the self darkening material were changed, along with the material that causes the darkening by itself.
Materials chemistry and physics are truly interesting domains of science, with still many things to be explored, researched, and learned about chemistry and properties of materials, and it will be interesting to see how things will evolve in this new branch of science.
This is truly a interesting science, with still many things to be explored, researched, and learned related to the chemistry and properties of materials, and it will be interesting to see how things will evolve in this new domain of science. If one wishes to learn and understand more about materials mentioned here, or other materials that are similar to these, it is a good idea to start with some of the chemistry tutorials [http://www.helpchemistry.net/chemistry-tutorials.html], since chemistry can explain many aspects of various compounds that are nowadays used as materials.
Today, we are using many new types of metals, like aluminium and titanium, and alloys that contain the mentioned metals, which are mostly very strong, and at the same time, have a relatively low density, so they are mostly very light. As a example of a typical metallic alloy, we will mention a material known as steel, which is a basically a material that, in most cases, contains up to 5% of carbon that, in the combination with iron, forms a very hard iron carbide. In the process of hardening, the metastable structure is created, which is the main reason of the hardness of steel. Steel is a metal that is produced in very large quantities and it is getting more and more difficult to produce enough of this material, and because of that, in its production, the steel industry leans towards easier and cheaper process. After leaving the furnace, steel almost always goes to the refining process in which impurities that might have a negative effect on its properties, are released. In doing so, some other metals can be added instead (if we have a case of further alloyed steels). Although there are some problems related to steel, it is still one of the most important and most commonly used materials that humans use as to this date.
Also, today, we have a great amount of organic materials like polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and many others. All these materials are products of extensive research done in the domain of materials science, but also the science of chemistry that is a very important part of materials science. As an example of a organic material, we could mention a plastic material known as celluloid which is considered to be the first man-made thermoplastic material. It can be easily shaped and molded, and in the start, it was most well known for being a replacement for ivory. The early types of celluloid were highly flammable and easily decomposed, which often presented a risk, but with time, new formulas have been created in which some additional compounds are added to reduce flammability of this plastic. However, with time it was replaced with many other types of plastics that have better properties. Regardless of this fact, it remains one of the most important materials in the history of material technology. It is also interesting to mention that today celluloid is most well known to be the most common material used in production of guitar picks and table tennis balls.
There are also a lot of composite materials that have very interesting properties. Basically, these materials are produced by combining several different materials. A common example for such a material is armed concrete, which is composed of two materials: concrete and iron or steel bars inside of it. Glass could also be mentioned as a composite material, because often, it consists of many different components that often surpass the essential compounds that form basic glass as a material. Glass is a material in which sodium and calcium silicate prevail. Glass is very viscous liquid with a non crytalline structure, and it has no defined melting point. It is a poor conductor of heat. As the surface of the glass is always cooled faster than the interior, tension within the glass matter is created. With the help of rapid cooling of glass, one can achieve an extremely hard surface of the glass object. This kind of glass is resistant to shock, but with some limits however. Although it is very hard, when it breaks, it gets shattered into thousands of small pieces. This feature is used in auto industry, where a glue layer is added to this kind of glass. Because of that, in the moment of glass breaking, the glass breaks into small pieces, but they are held together with the help of the mentioned glue layer.
And finally, we will mention one more interesting invention that has been created by combining various discoveries from the domain of materials science, chemistry and physics - self darkening materials. These materials basically work by reacting to ultraviolet rays that come from the Sun. This principle was invented during the middle of the last century. The most well known property of the early versions of this type of glass was the relatively slow darkening or lightening period, and often, the level of darkness of the lenses would remain at some constant level after a certain time period. This however, wasn't desirable, so with time, better lenses were developed. Basically, the principle remained the same, but the materials used for the substrate of the self darkening material were changed, along with the material that causes the darkening by itself.
Materials chemistry and physics are truly interesting domains of science, with still many things to be explored, researched, and learned about chemistry and properties of materials, and it will be interesting to see how things will evolve in this new branch of science.
This is truly a interesting science, with still many things to be explored, researched, and learned related to the chemistry and properties of materials, and it will be interesting to see how things will evolve in this new domain of science. If one wishes to learn and understand more about materials mentioned here, or other materials that are similar to these, it is a good idea to start with some of the chemistry tutorials [http://www.helpchemistry.net/chemistry-tutorials.html], since chemistry can explain many aspects of various compounds that are nowadays used as materials.
materi (nouns)
Noun (kata benda)
Yang dimaksud dengan kata benda(nouns) dalam bahasa
inggris adalah semua hal yan g dapat menjadi subject,object,complement,
preposition, serta kepunyaan dalam sebuah kalimat.
Nouns terbagi atas dua bagian, yaitu concrete nouns
dan abstract nouns
1. Concrete
nouns
Merupakan kelompok kata benda yag
berwujud. Hal ini berarti bahwa concrete nouns dapat dilihat dan diraba secara
langsung. Contoh: cat, mirror, card, queen, boy dansebagainya.
Contoh dalam kalimat:
The girl is looking at her face in
the mirror
Concrete nouns dibagi menjadi empat
jenis yaitu common nouns,proper nouns, collective nouns, dan compound nouns
a) Common
nouns mengacu pada hal-hal yang umum atau biasa, misalnya book, hole, hat, dsb.
b) Proper
nouns mempresentasikan identities diri,kelompok, perusahaan, kota, Negara,
ssekolah, atau tempat-tempat lainnya. Ditandai dengan penggunaan huruf capital
di awal kata. Misalnya: Lala, Greenpeace, Coca-cola, Jakarta, Harvard
university
Contoh:
John
was born in Jakarta, Indonesia.
c) Collective
nouns merujuk pada benda-benda majemuk yang berarti sekumpulan atau sekelompok
hal tertentu. Contoh: flock(flock of seagulls),fleet, dan committee
Contoh:
The
flock of sseagulls gather by the sea.
d) Compound
nouns menunjuk pada dua kata benda yang disambung dan umumnya bersifat jamak
seperti womwn drivers, brothers-in-law, travel agents, dsb.
Contoh:
She
has many brothers in law since her husband comes from a big nuclear family.
2. Abstract
nouns
Merupakan kelompok kata benda yng
abstrak seperti: beauty, wealth, joy dan seebagainya
Contoh dalam kalimat:
Sometimes wealth does not brings
joy
Abstract nouns dapat dibentuk dari
kata-kata kerja, kata sifat, dsb. Kata kerja dapat diubah menjadi abstract
nouns dengan penambahan akhiran –ment, -t, -y, -ing dsb.
Contoh kata benda yang berasal dari
kata kerja:
Arrage + ment Arrangement
Act +ion Action
Accociate + tion Accociation
Enter + ance Enterance
Complain + t Complaint
Discover + y Discovery
Write +ing Writing
Contoh kalimat:
The wiaters ignore my complaint
about the food.
Thomas alfa Edison makes a very
important discovery for the development of modern world.
Sedangkan untuk mengubah kata sifat
menjadi abstract nouns dapat ditambah akhiran +ness misalnya: sad+ness menjadi
sadness
Contoh kalimat:
Happiness is a key to survive life
Selain itu, nouns pun mencakup
berbagai kata dan frasa yang menyatakan jenis kelaminn laki-laki, perampuan,
dan netral
Neuter nouns biasanya mengacu pada
benda mati,binatang, serta bayi dalam kandungan yang belum diketahui jens
kelaminnya. Beberapa contoh dari masculine nouns ialah: boy,father, man,
husband, uncle, son dll sedangkan contoh dari feminine nouns ialah girl, woman,
mother, wife, daughter, aunt
Contoh dalam kaimat:
The boy standing infront of the
house is my brother
The woman singing the beautifull
song is my daughter
keunikan bahasa inggris
1. stewardesses merupakan kata terpanjang yang dapat diketik dengan menggunakan tangan kiri anda, sedangkan yang kanan adalah lollipop
2. tidak ada kata yang bersajak / berirama dengan month,orange, silver,purple, angst dan scalp
3. dreamt adalah satusatunya kata yang berakhir dengan "mt" 4. Kalimat The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog menggunakan setiap huruf yang ada dalam abjad.
5. Kata racecar, kayak dan level dapat dibaca bolak-balik dari kiri ke kanan ataupun dari kanan ke kiri.
6. Hanya ada empat kata dalam bahasa Inggris yang berakhir dengan suku kata 'dous', yaitu: tremendous, horrendous, stupendous dan hazardous.
7. Ada dua kata dalam bahasa Inggris ya ng menggunakan kelima huruf hidup secara berurutan (a, e, i, o, u), yaitu: abstemious dan facetious.
8. Typewriter adalah kata terpanjang yang dapat diketik menggunakan huruf-huruf yang terdapat pada satu baris tombol keyboard (baris QWERTY).
9. Huruf yang paling sering dipakai dalam bahasa Inggris adalah huruf 'e'. Ini merupakan fakta baik dalam penggunaan bahasa Inggris secara umum, dalam karya fiksi dan non-fiksi, jurnalisme, kitab suci dan bahkan kode Morse!
10. Untuk huruf konsonan, huruf yang paling sering dipakai adalah huruf 't'.
11. Huruf yang paling sedikit digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris adalah 'q' – bukan 'z'.
12. Lima huruf yang paling sering muncul sebagai huruf pertama dalam kata bahasa Inggris – secara berurutan – adalah 't', 'o', 'a', 'w' dan 'b'.
13. Hampir setengah dari seluruh kata bahasa Inggris diakhiri oleh huruf 'e', 't', 'd' dan 's'.
14. The adalah kata yang paling sering digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris. Bila Anda tidak percaya, cobalah berbicara dalam bahasa Inggris standar yang benar selama 5 menit tanpa menggunakan kata "the"
2. tidak ada kata yang bersajak / berirama dengan month,orange, silver,purple, angst dan scalp
3. dreamt adalah satusatunya kata yang berakhir dengan "mt" 4. Kalimat The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog menggunakan setiap huruf yang ada dalam abjad.
5. Kata racecar, kayak dan level dapat dibaca bolak-balik dari kiri ke kanan ataupun dari kanan ke kiri.
6. Hanya ada empat kata dalam bahasa Inggris yang berakhir dengan suku kata 'dous', yaitu: tremendous, horrendous, stupendous dan hazardous.
7. Ada dua kata dalam bahasa Inggris ya ng menggunakan kelima huruf hidup secara berurutan (a, e, i, o, u), yaitu: abstemious dan facetious.
8. Typewriter adalah kata terpanjang yang dapat diketik menggunakan huruf-huruf yang terdapat pada satu baris tombol keyboard (baris QWERTY).
9. Huruf yang paling sering dipakai dalam bahasa Inggris adalah huruf 'e'. Ini merupakan fakta baik dalam penggunaan bahasa Inggris secara umum, dalam karya fiksi dan non-fiksi, jurnalisme, kitab suci dan bahkan kode Morse!
10. Untuk huruf konsonan, huruf yang paling sering dipakai adalah huruf 't'.
11. Huruf yang paling sedikit digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris adalah 'q' – bukan 'z'.
12. Lima huruf yang paling sering muncul sebagai huruf pertama dalam kata bahasa Inggris – secara berurutan – adalah 't', 'o', 'a', 'w' dan 'b'.
13. Hampir setengah dari seluruh kata bahasa Inggris diakhiri oleh huruf 'e', 't', 'd' dan 's'.
14. The adalah kata yang paling sering digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris. Bila Anda tidak percaya, cobalah berbicara dalam bahasa Inggris standar yang benar selama 5 menit tanpa menggunakan kata "the"
materi TOEFL
Dalam tata bahasa inggris,artikel memiliki fungsi penting dalam menandai dan menjelaskan kata-kata benda . jenis artikel terbagi menjadi 2 yaitu definite article dan indefinite article. Kata the termasuk kata definite article,sedangkan kata a dan an digolonngkan kedalam indefinite articles.
Definite article merupakan artickel yang umumnya digunakan sebelum kata-kata yang dianggap unik. Contohnya kata earth (tanah) dan sky(langit). Tentu saja, jika seseorang menyebutkan kata earth dan sky, rujukannya sudah pasti dan jelas. Kita tidak akan menemukan tanah selain pijaka kita saat ini atau belahan langt selain cakrawL yang berada diatas planet kita sendiri. Oleh karena itu, kedua kata tersebut termasuk kata benda yang dianggap unik. Maka kata earth dan sky akan didahului oleh artikel the.
Contoh dalam kalimat:
Some farmers are plowing the earth using tractors
Four white pigeons fly gracefully to the sky
Selain menandai kata-kata benda yang unik, artikel the juga digunsksn untuk menjelaskan kembali kata-kata benda yang telah disebutkan sebelumnya dalam suatu teks.
Contoh dalam kalimat:
· Last night,I dreamed about going to a party. Unfortunately, the party was not pleasant because I was being neglected by my family and my friends.
(tadi malam aku bermimpi tengah berada di sebuah pesta. Namun sayangnya, pesta tersebut tidak menyenangkan karena aku diacuhkan oleh keluarga dan teman-temanku).
· She is getting married to a handsome man . the man is actually her bestfriend and they have been in love for years.
(dia akan menikahi seseorang lelaki tampan. Lelaki itu sebenarnya adalah teman baiknya dan keduanya telah menjalani hubungan selama bertahun-tahun )
Artikel the tidak dipergunakan sebelum nama-nama orang , nama-nama jenis makanan, nama-nama permainan, nama-nama bagian tubuh, nama-nama jenis pakaian dan kata-kata sifat kepunyaan(possessive adjective).
Contoh dalam kalimat :
Alice decides to go to her room and plays with her dolls.
My father eats cookies and donuts.
We play chess in my room because there is to much noise in the living room.
Tommy accidently kicks his friend’s leg on a football match.
the weather is so cold that they have to wear jackets.
Those are our black sunglasses
Indefinite artcles merupakan kelompok artikel yang digunakan sebelum kata-kata benda tunggal (singular) yang dapat diperkirakan jumlahnya (countable). Definite articles terdiri atas a dan an . Article a digunakan sebelum kata-kata benda yang berawalan huruf huruf konsonan. Sebaliknya,artikel an digunakan sebelum kata-kata benda yang diawali dengan huruf vocal, yaitu a,e,o,I, dan u.
Contoh dari kalimat:
They can see a lighthiyse near the island.
(mereka dapat memandang sebuah menara pengawas yang berada di dekat pulau itu)
An apple a day keeps your healthy
(sebuah apel setiap hari bermanfaat bagi kesehatan)
Selain itu artikel a juga dipakai sebelum kata-kata benda yang berawalan huruf huruf vocal, namun dibaca layaknya konsonan. Begitupula dengan artikel an dapat digunakan sebelum kata benda yang diaali huruf konsonan yang dbaca layaknya vocal dan huruf h yang tidak dibunyikan.
Contoh dalam kalimat:
Many people visit a university in bandung to attend the seminar.
(banyak orang mendatangi sebauah unversitas di bandung untuk menghadiri seminar)
The teacher wrote an “x” on my test papper
(guru itu menulis sebuah tanda x pada kertas ulanganku)
He has to queue up for an hour to get the plane ticket.
(dia harus mengantre selama satu jam untuk mendapatkan tiket pesawat terbang) Selain definite article dan indefinite articles diatas , frasa a little dan a few juga digunakan untuk mengawali kata-kata benda dalam bahasa ingggris . frasa a little merujuk pada kata-kata benda yang jumlahnya tidak dapat diperkirakan (uncountable nouns) dan frasa a few merujuk pada kata-kata benda jamak (plural nouns). Frasa a little dan a few berarti sedikit.
Definite article merupakan artickel yang umumnya digunakan sebelum kata-kata yang dianggap unik. Contohnya kata earth (tanah) dan sky(langit). Tentu saja, jika seseorang menyebutkan kata earth dan sky, rujukannya sudah pasti dan jelas. Kita tidak akan menemukan tanah selain pijaka kita saat ini atau belahan langt selain cakrawL yang berada diatas planet kita sendiri. Oleh karena itu, kedua kata tersebut termasuk kata benda yang dianggap unik. Maka kata earth dan sky akan didahului oleh artikel the.
Contoh dalam kalimat:
Some farmers are plowing the earth using tractors
Four white pigeons fly gracefully to the sky
Selain menandai kata-kata benda yang unik, artikel the juga digunsksn untuk menjelaskan kembali kata-kata benda yang telah disebutkan sebelumnya dalam suatu teks.
Contoh dalam kalimat:
· Last night,I dreamed about going to a party. Unfortunately, the party was not pleasant because I was being neglected by my family and my friends.
(tadi malam aku bermimpi tengah berada di sebuah pesta. Namun sayangnya, pesta tersebut tidak menyenangkan karena aku diacuhkan oleh keluarga dan teman-temanku).
· She is getting married to a handsome man . the man is actually her bestfriend and they have been in love for years.
(dia akan menikahi seseorang lelaki tampan. Lelaki itu sebenarnya adalah teman baiknya dan keduanya telah menjalani hubungan selama bertahun-tahun )
Artikel the tidak dipergunakan sebelum nama-nama orang , nama-nama jenis makanan, nama-nama permainan, nama-nama bagian tubuh, nama-nama jenis pakaian dan kata-kata sifat kepunyaan(possessive adjective).
Contoh dalam kalimat :
Alice decides to go to her room and plays with her dolls.
My father eats cookies and donuts.
We play chess in my room because there is to much noise in the living room.
Tommy accidently kicks his friend’s leg on a football match.
the weather is so cold that they have to wear jackets.
Those are our black sunglasses
Indefinite artcles merupakan kelompok artikel yang digunakan sebelum kata-kata benda tunggal (singular) yang dapat diperkirakan jumlahnya (countable). Definite articles terdiri atas a dan an . Article a digunakan sebelum kata-kata benda yang berawalan huruf huruf konsonan. Sebaliknya,artikel an digunakan sebelum kata-kata benda yang diawali dengan huruf vocal, yaitu a,e,o,I, dan u.
Contoh dari kalimat:
They can see a lighthiyse near the island.
(mereka dapat memandang sebuah menara pengawas yang berada di dekat pulau itu)
An apple a day keeps your healthy
(sebuah apel setiap hari bermanfaat bagi kesehatan)
Selain itu artikel a juga dipakai sebelum kata-kata benda yang berawalan huruf huruf vocal, namun dibaca layaknya konsonan. Begitupula dengan artikel an dapat digunakan sebelum kata benda yang diaali huruf konsonan yang dbaca layaknya vocal dan huruf h yang tidak dibunyikan.
Contoh dalam kalimat:
Many people visit a university in bandung to attend the seminar.
(banyak orang mendatangi sebauah unversitas di bandung untuk menghadiri seminar)
The teacher wrote an “x” on my test papper
(guru itu menulis sebuah tanda x pada kertas ulanganku)
He has to queue up for an hour to get the plane ticket.
(dia harus mengantre selama satu jam untuk mendapatkan tiket pesawat terbang) Selain definite article dan indefinite articles diatas , frasa a little dan a few juga digunakan untuk mengawali kata-kata benda dalam bahasa ingggris . frasa a little merujuk pada kata-kata benda yang jumlahnya tidak dapat diperkirakan (uncountable nouns) dan frasa a few merujuk pada kata-kata benda jamak (plural nouns). Frasa a little dan a few berarti sedikit.
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